From 1f9e806e8f419aec32919ded554be4371c1f6dd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Runxi Yu <me@runxiyu.org>
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2024 18:57:29 +0800
Subject: r0470core

---
 0470/r0470core.lyx | 459 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 0470/r0470core.pdf | Bin 129415 -> 137162 bytes
 2 files changed, 348 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-)

diff --git a/0470/r0470core.lyx b/0470/r0470core.lyx
index 3483238..5017278 100644
--- a/0470/r0470core.lyx
+++ b/0470/r0470core.lyx
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@
 
 \providecommand{\LyX}{\texorpdfstring{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}{LyX}}
 
+\usepackage{tcolorbox}
+
 \usepackage{xcolor}
 \usepackage{hyperref}
 \hypersetup{unicode=true,
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ multicol
 \index_command default
 \paperfontsize default
 \spacing single
-\use_hyperref false
+\use_hyperref true
 \pdf_title "IGCSE History Core Content Revision"
 \pdf_author "Cynthia Jia, Katharina Mueller, and Runxi Yu"
 \pdf_subject "For examinations in 2024, 2025, and 2026"
@@ -214,20 +216,7 @@ Cynthia Jia, Katharina Mueller, Runxi Yu
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Date
-Updated 
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-DTMnow
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Updated in May 2024
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section*
@@ -307,11 +296,11 @@ Conventions
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
-POSIX extended regular expressions may be occasionally used
+Dates are generally YYYY/MM[/DD]
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Dates are YYYY/MM[/DD]
+Most things are abbreviated to fit on one line
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section*
@@ -332,80 +321,7 @@ status open
 
 \begin_layout Plain Layout
 
-https://git.runxiyu.org/runxiyu/current/igcse.git
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-View the latest 
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "PDF"
-target "https://git.runxiyu.org/runxiyu/current/igcse.git/plain/0470/r0470core.pdf"
-literal "false"
-
-\end_inset
-
- or 
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "{\\LyX} source"
-target "https://git.runxiyu.org/runxiyu/current/igcse.git/plain/0470/r0470core.lyx"
-literal "true"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Float figure
-placement H
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
-	filename dentist.png
-	width 50line%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The best cartoon I've seen so far
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:cuba-teeth"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+https://git.runxiyu.org/runxiyu/igcse.git
 \end_layout
 
 \end_inset
@@ -1981,73 +1897,394 @@ pagebreak[4]
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Section
-The Cold War's Beginning (NOT WRITTEN)
+The Cold War's Beginning
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Standard
-We figured that we won't review for this unit because none of us have it
- memorized, there's quite a bit of content, and we don't like the style
- of questions.
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{tcolorbox}[colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,title={Warning}]
 \end_layout
 
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+We didn't review for this unit, so it's not that concise; and as always,
+ this is for reference only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+end{tcolorbox} 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Battle of Berlin
+\end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Ideological differences
+Race to Berlin (1945/04–05)
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Voting/elections, one-party state, free speech, etc.
+Stalin pushed troops across Europe
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Aim: reach Berlin before B/US do
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Both forces raced to Berlin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Soviets were successful in surrounding the city 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Both forces met in Torgau (04/25)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Fall of Berlin
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Prevention of the spread of communism, the Grand Alliance being a marriage
- of convenience
+On 04/30 Hitler ended his own life 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+On 05/02 Berlin fell into soviet hands
 \end_layout
 
 \end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Yalta
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Big Three
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Agreements
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Split Germany into zones (B/F/US/USSR)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Stalin joined the war against JP
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+UN established 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Eastern Europe should have free elections and were under the Soviet Sphere
+ of Influence (later formed COMINFORM: Communist Information Bureau)
+\end_layout
+
 \end_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Wartime disagreements
+Disagreements
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Soviets ungrateful after the Lend–Lease act ($11B, 25% munitions and 75%
- industrial equipment)
+Poland: “Buffer-Zone”
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
-The second front in Europe promised to the Soviets was delayed until June
- 1944
+Churchill and Roosevelt didn’t want the USSR to control elections
 \end_layout
 
 \end_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Tehran
+Poland
 \end_layout
 
+\begin_deeper
 \begin_layout Itemize
-Yalta
+Brit entered WWII in 1939 to defend Poland
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
+Now, Stalin wanted Poland to expand further West to become a “buffer zone”
+ between Germany and the USSR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsection
 Potsdam
 \end_layout
 
 \begin_layout Itemize
-TODO
+Disagreements
 \end_layout
 
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Truman / Stalin (ideological differences separated later, Hitler as their
+ common enemy kept them together)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Stalin wanted Ruhr (exploitation of labour and resources) (Ruhr is to this
+ day one of the biggest industrial areas)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Reparations: Stalin wanted more while Truman was rather hesitant (he wanted
+ Germany back as a trading partner)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Agreements
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+De-Nazify Germany
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Take War Criminals to Trial
+\end_layout
 
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Germany was governed by the Allied Control Council in Berlin 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Containment
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Prevent non-communist countries from becoming communist
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Truman thought people would turn to communism if they were broke, so he
+ decided to spoil them
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Marshall Aid: $17B was given out 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Stalin refused to let the Soviet bloc accept aid, he was scared that they’d
+ form a closer bloc to Western powers 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+He did see the dependence on $ but also the spread of the communist ideology
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Truman saw the establishment of US goods 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A step to let Europe embrace free market capitalism
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Prevent another economic depression
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Berlin Blockade
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Jan 1947: Marshall Aid available to the Western Zones
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+June 1948: New Currency, Stalin refused to accept
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Stalin’s response is the Berlin Blockade
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Own currency
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Cut off supply routes: Canals / Highways / Rail
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Expected Truman to announce withdrawal from Berlin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Berlin Airlift
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+11 months, 300,000 flights, 2 mil tons of fuel/food / other supplies
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Stalin realised his failure and lifts the blockade in May 1949
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) with other European Communist
+ States
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Tied all economies to Moscow (as a response to the Marshall Aid)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Consequences
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation): 12 nations, West Germany joined
+ and the response was the Warsaw Pact (1955, soviet defensive alliance)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Federal Republic of Germany: May 1949, Western Zones Merged
+\end_layout
 
+\begin_layout Itemize
+German Democratic Republic: East Germany 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Proxy Wars: crisis in Berlin, two powers shouldn’t go to war against each
+ other so they held Proxy wars
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Who should we blame?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+USSR – Yes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Broke Yalta: set up communist government in Poland
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Red Army: pro-Soviet regime
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Cominform created: Eastern European Communist Countries controlled in Moscow
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Berlin Blockade
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+USSR – No
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Suffered hugely after WWII
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Eastern Europe is under the soviet sphere of influence
 \end_layout
 
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Truman’s atomic bomb - Could Western leaders be trusted?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+USA – Yes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Truman was more of an anti-communist than Roosevelt
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Atomic Bomb
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The doctrine of Containment isolated the Soviets
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The US supported anti-communist forces in the 1947 Greek civil war
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Marshall Aid: spread capitalist ideologies
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Bizonia in 1947 (economic merger between US/Brit occupation zones)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Currency
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1948)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+USA – No
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Marshall Plan was to respond to soviet aggression 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
 \begin_layout Standard
 \begin_inset ERT
 status open
diff --git a/0470/r0470core.pdf b/0470/r0470core.pdf
index ee85562..9819539 100644
Binary files a/0470/r0470core.pdf and b/0470/r0470core.pdf differ
-- 
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