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<p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a></b>
</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward I</a> issued <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion" title="Edict of Expulsion">an edict to expel</a></b> all <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">Jews from England</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> directed the first performance of his cantata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erforsche_mich,_Gott,_und_erfahre_mein_Herz,_BWV_136" title="Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz, BWV 136">Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz</a></b></i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: Led by Colonel <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gould_Shaw" title="Robert Gould Shaw">Robert Gould Shaw</a>, the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment" title="54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment">54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment</a></b>, one of the first African-American military units in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>, spearheaded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Wagner" title="Second Battle of Fort Wagner">an assault</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Wagner" title="Fort Wagner">Fort Wagner</a>, South Carolina.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Arana" title="Francisco Javier Arana">Francisco Javier Arana</a></b>, the chief of the Guatemalan armed forces, was killed in a shootout with supporters of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Juan José Arévalo">Juan José Arévalo</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Animation_arson_attack" title="Kyoto Animation arson attack">An arson attack</a></b> at the studio of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Animation" title="Kyoto Animation">Kyoto Animation</a> in Japan led to the deaths of 36 people.</li></ul>
<p><b>Births and Deaths: </b><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Ali_ibn_al-Furat" title="Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat">Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 924); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Smith_Millikin" title="Lucy Smith Millikin">Lucy Smith Millikin</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1821); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1918); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Gillett" title="Amy Gillett">Amy Gillett</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2005)</p>