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<p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a></b>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_independence_days" title="List of national independence days">Independence Day</a> in <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)
</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492_papal_conclave" title="1492 papal conclave">The first papal conclave</a></b> to be held in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> elected Roderic Borja as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> to succeed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VIII" title="Pope Innocent VIII">Innocent VIII</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> – The first <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Billiken_Parade_and_Picnic" title="Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic">Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic</a></b>, the oldest and largest <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</a> parade in the United States, was held in Chicago.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – Amid rumors of kidnappings of children by Jews in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, a crowd of Poles took part in <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_pogrom" title="Kraków pogrom">a pogrom</a></b>, resulting in at least one death.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> – At a party in New York City, Jamaican musician <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc" title="DJ Kool Herc">DJ Kool Herc</a></b> began <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rapping</a> during an extended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">break</a>, laying the foundation for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>.</li></ul>
<p><b>Births and Deaths: </b><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttorm_of_Norway" title="Guttorm of Norway">Guttorm of Norway</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1204); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1794); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid_Blyton" title="Enid Blyton">Enid Blyton</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1897); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_McDiarmid" title="Ian McDiarmid">Ian McDiarmid</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1944)</p>