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<p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a></b>: <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a></b>; <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Union_Day" title="Great Union Day">Great Union Day</a></b> in Romania (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)
</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Walsingham" title="Francis Walsingham">Francis Walsingham</a></b>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I of England</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(England)" title="Secretary of State (England)">principal secretary</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spymaster" title="Spymaster">spymaster</a>, was knighted.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a></b> was crowned the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Brazil" title="List of monarchs of Brazil">emperor of Brazil</a>, seven weeks after his reign began on his 24th birthday.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a> – American men's magazine <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></b></i> was founded in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Hefner" title="Hugh Hefner">Hugh Hefner</a> and his associates.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">A referendum</a></b> held to ratify the  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine</a> passed with more than 92 percent of the vote.</li></ul>
<p><b>Births and Deaths: </b><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad III of Alamut">Muhammad III of Alamut</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1255); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeni_Bojilova-Pateva" title="Jeni Bojilova-Pateva">Jeni Bojilova-Pateva</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1878); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1964)</p>