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<p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a></b>: <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Feast of the Immaculate Conception</a></b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite Catholicism</a>); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi_Day" title="Bodhi Day">Rōhatsu</a></b> in Japan
</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Hughes" title="Margaret Hughes">Margaret Hughes</a></b> appeared professionally on the English stage; she is thought to have been the first woman to do so.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> promulgated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a> <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineffabilis_Deus" title="Ineffabilis Deus">Ineffabilis Deus</a></b></i>, proclaiming the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">dogmatic definition</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>, which holds that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a> was conceived free of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a> – At an assembly of 10,000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boer" title="Boer">Boers</a>, <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a></b> announced the fulfilment of the decision to restore the government and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksraad_(South_African_Republic)" title="Volksraad (South African Republic)">volksraad</a></i> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: The <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno extermination camp</a></b> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">occupied Poland</a>, the first such <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Nazi camp to kill Jews</a>, began operations.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> – Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian leaders signed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belovezh_Accords" title="Belovezh Accords">Belovezh Accords</a>, agreeing to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolve the Soviet Union</a> and establish the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></b>.</li></ul>
<p><b>Births and Deaths: </b><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Maria Josepha of Austria">Maria Josepha of Austria</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1699); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a></b>  (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1865); <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Holberton" title="Betty Holberton">Betty Holberton</a></b>  (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2001)</p>